Publications

Most publications are provided as full-text pdfs at ResearchGate. If a full-text is not available please request the text via ResearchGate or contact me directly. My ResearchGate Profile

In peer-reviewed scientific journals

2023

Schmid, P., Altay, S. & Scherer, L. (in press). The Psychological lmpacts and Message Features of Health Misinformation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. European Psychologist

2022

Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Verger, P., Lewandowsky, S., Soveri, A., Hertwig, R., Fasce, A., Holford, D., De Raeve, P., Gagneur, A., Vuolanto, P., Correia, T., Tavoschi, L., Declich, S., Marceca, M., Linos, A., Karnaki, P., Karlsson, L., Garrison, A. (2022). A call for immediate action to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake to prepare for the third pandemic winter. Nat Commun.13(1):7511. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34995-y

Schmid, P., & Betsch, C. (2022). Benefits and Pitfalls of Debunking Interventions to Counter mRNA Vaccination Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science Communication, 10755470221129608. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470221129608

Kessler, S.H., & Schmid, P. (2022). Editorial: Mis- and Disinformation About Covid-19 – Challenges for Health Communication. European Journal of Health Communication, 3(2), I-VI. https://doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.200

Lewandowsky, S., Holford, D., & Schmid, P. (2022). Public policy and conspiracies: The case of mandates. Current Opinion in Psychology, 101427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101427

Jörling, M., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., Betsch, C., Allen, J., & Böhm, R. (2022). To disclose or not to disclose? Factors related to the willingness to disclose information to a COVID-19 tracing app. Information, Communication & Society, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2050418

Garrison, A., Fressard, L., Karlsson, L., Soveri, A., Fasce, A., Lewandowsky, S., … & Verger, P. (2022). Measuring psychosocial determinants of vaccination behavior in healthcare professionals: validation of the Pro-VC-Be short-form questionnaire. Expert Review of Vaccines, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2108800

Lewandowsky, S., Armaos, K., Bruns, H., Schmid, P., Holford, D. L., Hahn, U., … & Cook, J. (2022). When science becomes embroiled in conflict: Recognizing the public’s need for debate while combating conspiracies and misinformation. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084663

Verger, P., Fressard, L., Soveri, A., Dauby, N., Fasce, A., Karlsson, L., Lewandoswky, S., Schmid, P., Dube, E., & Gagneur, A. (2022). An instrument to measure psychosocial determinants of health care professionals’ vaccination behavior: Validation of the Pro-VC-Be questionnaire. Expert Review of Vaccines. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2046467

Vivion, M., Anassour Laouan Sidi, E., Betsch, C., Dionne, M., Dubé, E., Driedger, S. M., Schmid, P… & Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN). (2022). Prebunking messaging to inoculate against COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: an effective strategy for public health. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2022.2044606

Ecker, U. K., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N., … & Amazeen, M. A. (2022). The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y

2021

Rabe, J. E., Schillok, H., Merkel, C., Voss, S., Coenen, M., De Bock, F., … & Jung-Sievers, C. (2021). Belastung von Eltern mit Kindern im Schulalter während verschiedener Phasen der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Eine Analyse der COVID-19-Snapshot-Monitoring-(COSMO‑) Daten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 64(12), 1500-1511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03453-3

Thumbeck S., Schmid P., Chesneau S., Dohmas F. (2021). Efficacy of a strategy-based intervention on text-level reading comprehension in persons with aphasia: a study protocol for a repeated measures study. BMJ Open, 11:e048126. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048126

Betsch, C., Bosnjak, M., Korn, L., Burgard, T., Gaissmaier, W., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Sprengholz, P., Böhm, R., Stollorz, V., Ramharter, M., Promies, N., De Bock, F., Schmid, P., Renner, B., & Wieler, L. (2021. The four weeks before lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A weekly serial cross-sectional study on risk perceptions, knowledge, public trust and behaviours in March 2020. Eurosurveillance (Print). https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.42.2001900

2020

Schmid, P., Schwarzer, M., & Betsch, C. (2020). Weight-of-Evidence Strategies to Mitigate the Influence of Messages of Science Denialism in Public Discussions. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.125

Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 21851-21853. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011674117

Habersaat, K., Betsch, C., Danchin, M., Sunstein, C., Böhm, R., Falk, A., Brewer, N.T., Omer, S.B., Scherzer, M., Sah, S., Fischer, E.F., Scheel, A.E., Fancourt, D., Kitayama, S., Dubé, E., Leask, J., Dutta, M., MacDonald, N.E., Temkina, A., Lieberoth, A., Jackson, M. Lewandowsky, S., Seale, H., Fiethe, N., Schmid, P., Gelfand, M., Korn, L., Eitze, S., Felgendreff, L. Sprengholz, P., Salvi, C., Butler, R(2020). Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 677-687.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0906-x

Neufeind, J., Betsch, C., Habersaat, K. B., Eckardt, M., Schmid, P., & Wichmann, O. (2020). Barriers and drivers to adult vaccination among family physicians–Insights for tailoring the immunization program in Germany. Vaccine, 38 (27), 4252-4262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.052

2019

Haase, N., Schmid, P., & Betsch, C. (2020). Impact of disease risk on the narrative bias in vaccination risk perceptions. Psychology & Health, 35(3), 346–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1630561

Schmid, P., & Betsch, C. (2019). Effective strategies for rebutting science denialism in public discussions. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(9), 931-939. https://10.1038/s41562-019-0632-4

Betsch, C., Böhm, R., Schmid, P., Korn, L., Steinmeyer, L., Heinemeier, D., Eitze, S. & Küpke, N.K. (2019). Impfverhalten psychologisch erklären, messen und verändern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 62(4), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-02900-6

2018

Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Heinemeier, D., Korn, L., Holtmann, C., & Böhm, R. (2018). Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PloS one, 13(12), e0208601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208601 

Betsch, C., Rossmann, C., Pletz, M.W., Vollmar, H.C., Freytag, A., Wichmann, O., Hanke, R., Hanke, W., Heinemeier, D., Schmid, P., Eitze, S., Weber, W., Reinhardt, A., Küpke, N.K., Forstner, C., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Mikolajetz, A., Römhild, J., Neufeind, J., Rieck, T., Suchecka, K., Reinhart, K. (2018). Increasing influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in the elderly: Study protocol for the multi-methods prospective intervention study Vaccination60+. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 885. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5787-9

Betsch, C., Bödeker, B., Schmid, P., & Wichmann, O. (2018). How baby’s first shot determines the development of maternal attitudes towards vaccination. Vaccine, 36(21), 3018-3026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.023

Schmid, P., MacDonald, N. E., Habersaat, K., & Butler, R. (2018). Commentary to: How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. Vaccine, 36 (2), 196-198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.065

2017 and earlier

Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., & Denker, M. L. (2017). Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS one, 12(1), e0170550. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170550

Betsch, C.*, Haase, N.*, Renkewitz, F., & Schmid, P. (2015). The narrative bias revisited: What drives the biasing influence of narrative information on risk perceptions? Judgment and Decision Making, 10(3), 241–264. https://sjdm.org/journal/14/141206a/jdm141206a.pdf (*shared first authorship)

Betsch, C. & Schmid, P. (2012). Angst essen Impfbereitschaft auf? Der Einfluss kognitiver und affektiver Faktoren auf die Risikowahrnehmung im Ausbruchsgeschehen. [The influence of cognitive and affective aspects of risk perception during outbreaks.] Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 56, 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-012-1595-z

Reports

Holford, D., Fasce, A., Tapper, K., Demko, M., Lewandowsky, S., Hahn, U., A., Al-Rawi, A.,
Alladin, A., Boender, T. S., Bruns, H., Fischer, F., Gilde, C., Hanel, P. H. P., Herzog, S. M., Kause, A.,
Lehmann, S., Nurse, M. S., Orr, C., Pescetelli, N., Petrescu, M., Sah, S., Schmid, P., Sirota, M., & Wulf,
M. (2022). A manifesto for science communication as collective intelligence. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TZUFW

Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Holford, D.L., Finn, A., Leask, J., Thomson, A., Lombardi,D., Al-Rawi, A.K., Amazeen, M.A., Anderson, E.C., Armaos, K.D., Betsch,C., Bruns, H.H.B., Ecker, U.K.H., Gavaruzzi, T., Hahn, U., Herzog, S., Juanchich, M., Kendeou, P., Newman, E.J., Pennycook, G., Rapp, D.N., Sah, S., Sinatra, G.M., Tapper, K., Vraga, E.K. (2021). The COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Handbook. A practical guide for improving vaccine communication and fighting misinformation. https://sks.to/c19vax

Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Albarracín, D., Amazeen, M. A., Kendeou, P., Lombardi, D., Newman, E. J., Pennycook, G., Porter, E. Rand, D. G., Rapp, D. N., Reifler, J., Roozenbeek, J., Schmid, P.,  Seifert, C. M., Sinatra, G. M., Swire-Thompson, B., van der Linden, S., Vraga, E. K., Wood, T. J., Zaragoza, M. S. (2020). The Debunking Handbook 2020. https://doi.org/10.17910/b7.1182

Betsch, C., Rossmann, C., Bach-Habersaat, K., Schmid, P., Holtmann, C., Korn, L., Wiehn, J., Mummer, L. (2017). Vaccination and trust – How concerns arise and the role of communication in mitigating crises. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/329647/Vaccines-and-trust.PDF.

Schmid, P., MacDonald, N., Bach-Habersaat, K., Butler, R. (2016). Best practice guidance: How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/315761/Vocal-vaccine-deniers-guidance-document.pdf

Book chapters

Lewandowsky, S., Armaos, K., Bruns, H., Schmid, P., Holford, D. L., Hahn, U., Al-Rawi, A., Sah, S., Cook, J., Juanchich, M., & Ladyman, J. (2022). COVID-19: Conspiracies and Collateral Damage vs Constructive Critique (pp. 374-397). In J. Musolino, J. Sommer, & P. Hemmer (Eds.), The Cognitive Science of Belief. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781009001021.026.

Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Holtmann, C., Heinemeier, D. & Korn, L. (2018). Erklärung und Veränderung von Präventionsverhalten. In:  Kohlmann, C.-W., Salewski, C., Wirtz, M. A. (Hrsg.). Psychologie in der Gesundheitsförderung (pp. 341–354). Bern: Hogrefe.

Public writings

Schmid, P. (2022). Verbesserung der Impfquoten und der Impfakzeptanz – Management einer Infodemie. Impfen im Umbruch Berichtsband Nationale Impfkonferenz NIK. https://nationale-impfkonferenz.de/rueckblick/veroeffentlichungen/

Schmid, P., Lewandowsky,. S. (2021). Tackling COVID disinformation with empathy and conversation. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/tackling-covid-disinformation-with-empathy-and-conversation-173013

Lewandowsky,. S., Schmid, P. (2021). How to fight Covid vaccine misinformation. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/10/22/fighting-vaccine-misinformation

Schmid, P. (2020). Postfaktische Apokalypse? – Vier Strategien gegen Wissenschaftsleugnung. Wissenschaftskommunikation.de. https://www.wissenschaftskommunikation.de/postfaktische-apokalypse-vier-strategien-gegen-wissenschaftsleugnung-43093/

Schmid, P. (2019). Fake News (Rhetorische Fallen erkennen und vermeiden). Impfstrategien im Kontext internationaler Herausforderungen Berichtsband Nationale Impfkonferenz NIK. https://www.nali-impfen.de/fileadmin/pdf/NIK_Berichtsbaende/NIK_Berichtsband_2019.pdf

Schmid, P. (2016). Impfmüdigkeit. Skeptiker 4/2016. https://www.gwup.org/147-wurzel/archiv-zeitschrift-skeptiker/1877-zeitschrift-skeptiker-4-2016